Can People Really Multitask or Is It a Myth

The short answer to whether people can really multitask is no. Multitasking is a myth. The human brain cannot perform two tasks that require high-level brain function at once. Low-level functions like breathing and pumping blood arent considered in multitasking. Only the tasks you have to think about are considered. What actually happens when you think you are multitasking is that you are rapidly switching between tasks. How the Brain Works The cerebral cortex handles the brains executive controls. Those controls, divided into two stages, organize the brains tasks processing. The first is goal shifting. This happens when you switch your focus from one task to another. The second stage is rule activation. This turns off the rules (how the brain completes a given task) for the previous task and turns on the rules for the new task. So, when you think you are multitasking you are actually switching your goals and turning the respective rules on and off in rapid succession. The switches are fast (tenths of a second) so you may not notice them, but those delays and the loss of focus can add up.

Annotated Bibliography On Encryption And Cryptography

Contents 1 Cryptography 2 Introduction 2 Methods of encryption or cryptography. 2 Symmetric 2 Asymmetric 2 Operation and Working of Both Methods 3 Ingredients of symmetric encryption 3 Working of symmetric cryptography (Graphical Representation) 4 Ingredients of Asymmetric cryptography 4 Working principal of Asymmetric encryption (Graphical representation) 5 Strengths and Weaknesses of Both 6 Strength of Symmetric Encryption 6 Strength of Asymmetric Encryption 6 Weakness of symmetric encryption 6 Weakness of Asymmetric Cryptography 6 Use of Symmetric and Asymmetric cryptography in IT sector 7 2. VPN and Cryptography in VPN 7 Types of VPN 8 Site-To-Site VPN 9 Remote Access VPN 9 3. Authentication of Users in Windows Environment 10 Integrated Windows Authentication 10 Basic Authentication 10 Digest Authentication 11 4. Kerberos Protocol 11 Kerberos V5 Protocol Standard 12 Encryptions used by the Kerberos v5 protocol 12 Helping Hands (web references) 13 1 Cryptography Introduction The concept of securing the messages through cryptography has a long history. The word cryptography stems from the two Greek words â€Å"crypto† and â€Å"grafein† meaning â€Å"hidden† and â€Å"write† respectively. Julius Caesar is credited with creating one of the earliest methods of cryptography system to send the message to his generals. Cryptography simply means to encrypt your message into something else so that nobody can read it that is not authorised to read the information. Only that person canShow MoreRelatedA Research on the Internal Control for Information Security3378 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Internal Control for Information Security PLEASE PUT THE TOPIC DEFINITION STATEMENT HERE AT THE FIRST PAGE PLEASE PUT THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AT THE LAST PAGE BEFORE THE REFERENCE PAGE Introduction Control is a set of mechanism that assists an organization to attain the desired objective. Control is fundamental to achieve organizational goal, and control aligns the aspiration of workforce with their capabilities. On the other hand, internal control for information security is the practiceRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Internal Control for Information Security1614 Words   |  7 PagesInternal Control for Information Security: Annotated Bibliography Making the case for Network Security. (2012, Apr 19). Retrieved from Wikibon Blog: http://wikibon.org/blog/making-the-case-for-network-security/ This author addresses the central concerns regarding information security in the modern business world using broad strokes to make the importance of network security as a key business operation readily apparent to the reader. As the article is addressed primarily on business managers and

The Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement in Advertising Free Essays

Advertising is one of the most effective strategies of non-price competition, that’s why it is closely associated and widely used in terms of monopolistic competition. Companies in monopolistic competitive market can not sell more of their differentiated product without lowering the price. Thus, advertising is a great instrument to gain more customers and increase the sales without cutting the price. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement in Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite of different views on economic effectiveness of advertising, modern large companies in monopolistic competition spend millions of dollars for promotion of own brands, goods or services. It is a known tactic to employ celebrity endorsement for advertising own product. In particular, for many years Michael Jordan has been appearing in Nike ads, and the products of this company are associated with Jordan on global scale. Many companies use a celebrity or athlete for advertising its goods or services because celebrity endorsement attracts more attention of target audience, as well as it increases credibility and improves reputation of the brand in customers’ eyes, leading eventually to higher sales. Specialists comment that celebrity is already a known brand, and his/her endorsement of the product helps to make it more popular. â€Å"You have the core brand and then you have the celebrity brand, and, when that confluence is positive, the impact can be tremendous† (Storey, 2006). In my opinion, participation of professional athletes in ads of certain brands can be considered quite convincing and effective from two perspectives. First of all, only successful powerful companies, which offer mostly first-class quality products, can afford inviting famous sportsmen (like Michael Jordan or David Beckham) to advertise their goods. Besides, sport is a passion of people of different ages. Both children and adults around the world love sports very much, and that’s why target audience of such advertising is very large. Nevertheless, recently British specialists found out that currently the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement is firmly decreasing (BBC News, 2007). References Celebrity Ads’ Impact Questioned. (2007, February 27). BBC News. The British Broadcasting Company. Retrieved February 25, 2008, from ;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/somerset/6400419.stm;. Storey, L. (2006, October 12). Seeing Stars. The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2008. How to cite The Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement in Advertising, Essay examples

Social Media in the Workplace-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write on the topic Using Social Media in the Workplace to Communicate. Answer: Introduction The use of social media carries significant importance to make the business productive. The use of Social media as the means of communication tools is important for the team members of the organization. There are numerous ways to leverage the use of social media at the workplace (Adamovic, Potgieter Mearns, 2012). Whether the manager, team member, business leader or the HR professionals, they can use the social media to make common communication platform and share the information and communication specifically in such a way that would encourage sharing, collaboration and input in the business. When it is relating social media for the means of distributing collaboration and information, social media in a greater way engage employees and the brand ambassadors from all the positions within the organization. Therefore, to emphasize on the importance of the social media, here, FACEBOOK, SKYPE, SNAPCHAT, INSTAGRAM have been chosen to prove their reliability as a social media in the working place for waging communication (Anderson, 2015). The types of Social media The important social medias that are chosen for initiating proper business communication are facebook, snapchat, skype and instagram. These social media platforms are taken into consideration as the way of coordinating the employees in the workplace in the 21st century. Facebook: Firms can use facebook groups in terms of messaging to allow their employees to wage communication within the same interface. The groups that are used in the facebook enhance communication within the business, allowing the employees to share their information, questionnaires and images. After the email, facebook is considered to be the only internal mode of communication that does not require any particular training. The platforms familiarity is a win for the workplace, which made the employees engagement stronger with time. Facebook understands as a result, the value of good communication in a workplace (Adamovic, Potgieter Mearns, 2012). With its huge enterprise, Facebook is showing a stake in the collaboration of the employees. It has proved that the internal communication is in the radar of diplomatic players as well as the stakeholders should take this as notice. The messages in facebook allow the business to send quick information to the employees. The business head might crea te a facebook group to send out the updates to the members of the department. Employees in further, can use facebook for collaboration and communication. The company can use facebook to make its promotion stronger in order to recruit employees for their business (Ramsaran Fowdar, 2013). Skype Skype is another mode of waging communication in the workplace for the purpose of business (Heymann, 2012). By using Skype, it is possible to be connected with the team of employees across the world. As if despite staying abroad, the employee would not feel isolated. It provides from the provisions of collaborative team sessions to a live streaming of any meetings or dialing into any conferences by using phone. The Skype for the purpose of business is framed for all the needs of meeting (Heymann, 2012). Through the usage of Skype, it becomes possible to make, transfer and receive the calls of business in the office, at home or on the roads using mobile. Video conferencing in skype enables the team leaders to prepare a communication framework in order to deliver the messages with the team members. The process of conducting communication in skype is the way to promote conversation face-to-face. For this reason, Skype must be taken into account in the workplace for bringing together the employees to cooperate on the work done. Snapchat: Snapchat is another significant social networking platform, which can be used for the means of communication in the workplace. There is availability of more than 8 million videos which are viewed everyday on the Snapchat. Accordingly, the employees give response to the elements in order to welcome the main nature of the snapchat. In the companies, for the sake of employees, the company uses geolocated filters. These filters add up graphic elements to the videos and pictures (Silverman, 2014). If the filter is framed out well, people would look forward to add them . The companies would achieve their branded messages, which are sent to a larger section of the audiences where the employers add them to their stories. Snapchat can be utilized to launch new products or any related live events. Snapchat is also storytelling site. This is for the people who love stories. The content of the business is for the customers, it also proved to be helpful for the employees. Snapchat can help to tel l a story for a greater employee recognition, which would inspire the employees in the workplace to continue with their work in a much greater manner. Instagram: Instagram is another important social media, which can be used to engage the employees and to carry out effective means of communication in workplace. The instagram having over 700 million users have the capacity to prove itself an effective venue to attract millennial talents and increasing the engagement of the employees (Johnston, 2017). Companies through the mode of instgram can get to show how the companies are taking care of their people and balancing the corporate life. Among the companies, for example, the nail company culture are regarded as the tech giants in San Francisco and according to the CEO of Red Panda Gareth Hawkey that it is important to nurture both the professional and personal sides of the employees, that is what the nail company teaches (Johnston, 2017). It is significant to build a working environment that would help the people about the creation of the greater products. This social networking site can be used as the process of building brands. Reliability test The five-reliability test was conducted for each of the social networking sites that are mentioned above. These tests are done in order to make sure that the chosen social networking sites are successful in meeting their aims or not. Facebook Firstly, Facebook consists of more than 3 billion users across the world and it is regarded as one of the interesting social media sites to carry out the business. It is a vibrant form of social website, which is being frequently used by the employees to maintain their communication level. Secondly, the customary facebook design is an appropriate way to associate the followers or visitors. The business people in this particular page can come across the new visitors and influence them to join their business. Thirdly, getting access to the vital information is another significant reliable opportunity where the pages of the facebook automatically gets updated (Ramsaran Fowdar, 2013). As mentioned before, creating groups in the facebook is another way to engage the employees to discuss the objectives of the company. In this way, the businesspersons can gradually rely on the success of the business through the medium of facebook. Fourthly, Facebook is reliable because it consists of the provision of share, comment and like. These are the excellent ways to attract the visitors by stating about the aims and objectives of the company and the images of the company, in order to attract the frequent visitors or followers (Ramsaran Fowdar, 2013; Smith, 2012). Fifthly, the administrator of the facebook page can link their interest of their business through the process of audience segmentation based on their status, language work and education. This would prove to be reliable while targeting the audiences. Skype Firstly, it is reliable because the Skype for business is integrated with the office 365 services; the product added a greater experience to the clients with the online updated services. Secondly, the skype for business uses more than 400 million currently to communicate. The employees all around the world, in order to make an integrated workplace, chat over skype. The software and hardware solutions are compatible with the provisions of Office 2013 (Tuten, 2012). Thirdly, the employees in a workplace can be easily connected with each other as well as with the external users, this in turn also reducing the administrative efforts for controlling different calling tools and IM (Tuten, 2012). Fourthly, the new platform of skype offers the features and delivers compliance, control to the IT and enterprise based grade security. Fifthly, most importantly, the skype for business carries the features of the cheapest services of VoIP. Snapchat: Firstly, Snapchat shows to the audiences about the live service of any trade fairs, this act as an easier way to communicate with the employees of the business and making them participate in the trade shows (Silverman, 2014). Secondly, the content, which is provided by the snapchat, is reliable as it shows the present moments of any situations (Silverman, 2014). Thirdly, Snapchat unlike other websites is relayed through the mode of photos and videos. Fourthly, the utilization of the 16 handles of snapchat for giveaways, compete to practice snapchat as a tool of marketing. Fifthly, Snapchat shared behind the scenes, which reflect on the internal workings of the company and giving them idea about the authenticity of companys brand. Instagram Firstly, the rate of engagement is higher in Instagram than in other sites. Instagram posts visual marketing for the targeted audiences. Secondly, with the expansion of Instagram, the start up business is posting about their companys profile to further communicate with the recruitment process. Thirdly, the posts in the instagram bear enough clarity. The use of strategic hashtags is importantly encouraging the exposure of the posts to the new users such as using hashtags. Fourthly, there are smaller numbers of customers who are following instagram, business can target them, and later that small group of customers can grow to a community to important levels. Fifthly, Instagram is reliable as it signals user to change their password of their account after every six months (Tuten, 2012). Accordingly, it is possible for the business to maintain their privacy while waging further communication. Therefore, it can be concluded that, social media communication is necessary for controlling the culture of both external and internal workplaces. The need of social media is increasing and it should be used properly by the business to communicate with the employees properly and it is important to see whether the social media is reliable or not. The topic discusses about four important social medias and their functions within the realm of business. The reliability test has been conducted to prove that business firms can depend upon these social medias for making communication better. References Adamovic, D., Potgieter, A., Mearns, M. (2012). Knowledge sharing through social media: Investigating trends and technologies in a global marketing and advertising research company.South African Journal of Information Management,14(1), 1-7. Anderson, K.E.,( 2015). Getting acquainted with social networks and apps: Snapchat and the rise of ephemeral communication.Library Hi Tech News,32(10), pp.6-10. Heymann-Reder, D., (2012).Social Media Marketing. Addison-Wesley Verlag. Johnston, A. (2017). How to Create an Instagram Marketing Strategy.Sprout Social. Retrieved May 2nd. Ramsaran-Fowdar, R.R. Fowdar, S., (2013). The implications of Facebook marketing for organizations.Contemporary Management Research,9(1), p.73. Silverman, A. (2014). NFL teams adopt Snapchat as marketing tool with hope of reaching younger fans.Sports Business Daily. Smith, M. (2012).Facebook Marketing. Wiley. Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2014).Social media marketing. Sage.

Max Weber Economic History, Theory of Bureaucracy, and Politics as a Vocation

Free Essays on The History Of The Nun

The Affects of a Broken Vow Aphra Behn’s The History of the Nun illustrates the importance of decision making and keeping vows, particularly the â€Å"Sacred Vow, made to God only,† through the life of the main character Isabella (Behn). The reader witnesses the perfect, simplistic nature of Isabella changing as she attempts to conquer the misfortunes that accompany her broken vow to eternally â€Å"serve him [God] with all Chastity and Devotion† (Behn). It is through Isabella’s interactions with other characters that she acquires more realistic qualities. From beginning to end, this virtuous woman is just another victim of a sinful world. Isabella’s upbringing in a nunnery influences the woman she becomes. As a young girl, she is exceptionally civil and affable as the nuns teach her everything possible; however, she only sees a nun’s perspective of life. The nuns mold her view of the world, causing the secular outside to become less appealing to her. In the nunnery, she is an ideal person with perfect virtures and is full of knowledge. Her character, in this stage of her life, is too innocent and righteous. Her first big mistake occurs as she enters the sisterhood. This, in actuality, ignites a chain of events that leads to many of her downfalls. Isabella is unaware of her other options while she makes her decision; one that will affect the rest of her life. Isabella’s personality becomes more realistic as she journeys through life and faces consequences rooted in her initial vow to become a nun. The nun undergoes changes in her personality from being a perfect little girl, to becoming a nun, to breaking her sacred vow, and killing both of her husbands, and finally losing her own life. At first, Isabella questions her morals as she confesses to her best friend, Katteriena, that she loves Katteriena’s brother, Henault. Deceiving Katteriena, Isabella convinces her that she can see Henault without loving ... Free Essays on The History Of The Nun Free Essays on The History Of The Nun The Affects of a Broken Vow Aphra Behn’s The History of the Nun illustrates the importance of decision making and keeping vows, particularly the â€Å"Sacred Vow, made to God only,† through the life of the main character Isabella (Behn). The reader witnesses the perfect, simplistic nature of Isabella changing as she attempts to conquer the misfortunes that accompany her broken vow to eternally â€Å"serve him [God] with all Chastity and Devotion† (Behn). It is through Isabella’s interactions with other characters that she acquires more realistic qualities. From beginning to end, this virtuous woman is just another victim of a sinful world. Isabella’s upbringing in a nunnery influences the woman she becomes. As a young girl, she is exceptionally civil and affable as the nuns teach her everything possible; however, she only sees a nun’s perspective of life. The nuns mold her view of the world, causing the secular outside to become less appealing to her. In the nunnery, she is an ideal person with perfect virtures and is full of knowledge. Her character, in this stage of her life, is too innocent and righteous. Her first big mistake occurs as she enters the sisterhood. This, in actuality, ignites a chain of events that leads to many of her downfalls. Isabella is unaware of her other options while she makes her decision; one that will affect the rest of her life. Isabella’s personality becomes more realistic as she journeys through life and faces consequences rooted in her initial vow to become a nun. The nun undergoes changes in her personality from being a perfect little girl, to becoming a nun, to breaking her sacred vow, and killing both of her husbands, and finally losing her own life. At first, Isabella questions her morals as she confesses to her best friend, Katteriena, that she loves Katteriena’s brother, Henault. Deceiving Katteriena, Isabella convinces her that she can see Henault without loving ...

Reasons why the two United States Embassies in Africa in 1998 were so Essay

Reasons why the two United States Embassies in Africa in 1998 were so vulnerable to terrorists. What went into the planning of those attacks - Essay Example The department of state gathered intelligence on this attacks prior to them occurring but were dismissed as too vague to be useful. (The washington Post, 1999) The second reason is that state agencies such as the FBI and CIA failed to predict the consequences of their pressure on the bin Laden network. In 1997 and 1998 the state agencies put a lot of pressure on the network plus other affiliated groups such as the Al-Haramain thinking that such pressure will make the network to stop its activities. They did not think past the consequences of this which led to the bin laden declaration of war on America especially on embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam. (IPP Media, 2011) The third reason is that the two countries Kenya and Tanzania were chosen by the bin laden network because they were convenient for the terrorist organization. A look at both countries shows as that they lacked adequate security during this time especially in Tanzania. The two countries have also a sizeable number of Muslims and people of Arab origin and therefore it was easy to blend in to accomplish their mission. The two nations especially Kenya are known to have close ties with America and therefore bombing such nations meant successful bombing on US territory. The above mentioned factors contributed largely to the vulnerability of the US embassies to Terrorist attacks. (James M. Lutz, 2004) The two bombing attacks in Nairobi and Dar es salaam are believed by many to be a revenge mission for the bin laden network on America for its involvement in the extradition and alleged torture of some members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad that are said to have been arrested in Albania two months before the attacks. The four men were said to be involved in the assassination of Rifaat el-Mahgoub and a plot against the Khan el-Khalili market in Cairo. There was a communiquà © prepared by the bin

Documentary Movie Analysis-Who Killed Vincent Chin Essay

Documentary Movie Analysis-Who Killed Vincent Chin - Essay Example Documentaries are more non-fictitious and real-life based, unlike commercial flicks; their purpose varying from showcasing reality to enlightening and educating the rural masses. Whatever be the case, documentaries are real life depictions on screen. Documentary films fall under varied genres, such as Authored Documentaries, Fly on the Wall, Docu-soaps, Docudramas, and the like. The first two are captures of real life instances, while the latter two are enactments of what has really transpired. Thus, documentaries stand for ‘Truth’. The documentary, ‘Who killed Vincent Chin’ was directed by Christine Choy and Renee Tajima. It is in the form of a docu-drama, exploring the real incident, by using characters to play the real-life ones. The cast includes Renee Tajima and Ron Ebens. The documentary explores the concept of racial discrimination in America, against an Asian-American immigrant, the flaws in the judicial system in America and above all, the sheer struggle that immigrants undergo in the process of assimilation and adaptation to the American culture and falling in line to conquer and realize their ‘American Dream’. This paper attempts to analyse the documentary, the various techniques used and how the documentary has been shot, to add value to the concept and the idea in particular. The story-line of the documentary reflects the real-life incident, wherein an Asian-American, Vincent Chin was murdered haplessly, by two Americans, Ron Ebens and his step-son, Michael Nitz. The murder happens after a scuffle between the two, at Fancy Pants, a Detroit topless bar. The murder takes place outside the bar, in a corner, with eye-witnesses watching the gruesome act, where Chin is shown beaten with baseball bats. While on the surface, the concept is that of a hapless murder occurring in the midst of

Managing services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing services - Essay Example The researcher then targeted UK websites in which people complained about food. These were ideal for the investigation because such parties are already quite willing to seek remedies for their problems. They were requested to take part in the survey and asked to click on a link which would provide them with access to the forms. After completion, volunteers were supposed to click on another link which would allow them to submit their responses to the researcher. The link was centrally placed in the form. Evans and Mathur (2005) notes that one of the advantages of online surveys is the ease with which one can access a large sample space. It is easy to obtain contacts if one already has a target audience. In this research, persons who complain about food services are already tried and tested clients of the service industry under analysis. Therefore, they are ideal for this food service investigation. The study involved an analysis of the responses obtained through mathematical methods. Currently, some elements of analysis are not complete but will be completed in the coming weeks. Respondents were to select specific answers from a set of four possible choices. It was relatively easy to analyse these outcomes. Duffy, et al. (2005) explains that one of the reasons why researchers are attracted to this method of market research is its speedy and relatively unproblematic response times. The research demonstrated that several customers paid attention to the degree of cleanliness in fast food restaurants. Simple things like whether a waiter dipped their fingers in the salad or used different tongs for different food items affected customer perceptions of the quality. Barber and Scarcelli (2010) echo these sentiments in their US survey which found that cleanliness was of primary significance to clients. A number of respondents also cited their interactions with service providers as a key indication of value. Some believed that fast franchises are too keen on

Optimization of Benchmark Functions using VTS-ABC Algorithm

Optimization of Benchmark Functions using VTS-ABC Algorithm Performance Optimization of Benchmark Functions using VTS-ABC Algorithm Twinkle Gupta  and Dharmender Kumar Abstract  A new variant based on tournament selection called VTS-ABC algorithm is provided in this paper. Its performance is compared with standard ABC algorithm with different size of data on several Benchmark functions and results show that VTS-ABC provides better quality of solution than original ABC algorithm in every case. Keywords— Artificial Bee Colony Algorithms, Nature-Inspired Meta-heuristics,Optimizations, Swarm Intelligence Algorithms, Tournament selection. NOMENCLATURE ABC – Artificial Bee Colony ACO – Ant Colony Optimization BFS – Blocking Flow-Shop Scheduling DE – Differential Evolution EA – Evolutionary Algorithm GA – Genetic Algorithm MCN – Maximum Cycle Number PSO – Particle Swarm Optimization TS – Tournament size TSP – Travelling Salesman Problem 1.INTRODUCTION For optimization problems, various algorithms havebeendesigned which are basedonnature-inspiredconcepts [1].Evolutionary algorithms(EA) and swarmoptimizationalgorithmsare two different classes in which nature inspired algorithms are classified.Evolutionary algorithms like Geneticalgorithms (GA)andDifferentialevolution (DE) attempt to carry out the phenomenon ofnaturalevolution [2]. However, a swarm like ant colony, a flock of birds can be described as collection of interacting agents and their intelligence lieintheir way of interactions with other individuals andtheenvironment [3]. Swarm optimization includes Particle swarm optimization (PSO) modelon socialbehaviorofbirdflocking [4], Antcolony optimization (ACO) model on swarmofants and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) model on the intelligent foraging behaviour of honey bees [5]. Some important characteristics of ABC algorithm which makesitmoreattractivethanotheroptimizationalgorithms are: Employs only three control parameters (population size, maximum cycle number and limit) [6]. Fastconvergencespeed. Quite simple, flexible and robust [7] [8]. Easyintegrationwithotheroptimizationalgorithms. Therefore, ABC algorithm is a very popular nature inspired meta-heuristic algorithm used to solve various kinds of optimization problems. In recent years, ABC has earned so much popularity and used widely in various application such as: Constrained optimization, Image processing, Clustering, Engineering Design, Blocking flow shop scheduling (BFS), TSP, Bioinformatics, Scheduling and many others [9]-[18].Similar to other stochastic population-based approaches like GA, Ant Colony etc. ABC algorithm also applied Roulette Wheel selection mechanism which chooses best solution always with high selection pressure and leads the algorithm into premature convergence. With ever-growing size of dataset, optimization of algorithm has become a big concern. This calls for a need of better algorithm. The aim of this paper is to create such an algorithm named VTS-ABC algorithm. This new variant is based on tournament selection mechanism and selects variable tournament size each time in order to select the employed bees sharing their information with onlooker bees. Onlooker bees select solution from selected tournament size of solutions with less selection pressure so that high fitness solutions can’t dominate and give better quality of solutions with large data set as well. A worst solution is also replaced by better solution generated randomly in each cycle. Rest of the paper is divided in different sections as follows: Introduction to standard ABC algorithm is described in section 2. Section 3 describes the proposed VTS-ABC algorithm. Experiments and its simulation results to show performance on several Benchmark functions are described in section 4 and in the last; Conclusion of the paper is discussed. 2.ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY ALGORITHM In 2005, Karaboga firstly proposed Artificial Bee Colony algorithm for optimizing numerical problems [19] which includes employed bees, onlooker bees and scouts. The bee carrying out search randomly is known as a scout. The bee going to the food source visited by it before and sharing its information with onlooker bees is known as employed bee and the bee waiting on the dance area called onlooker bee. ABC algorithm as a collective intelligence searching model has three essential components: Employed bees, Unemployed bees (onlooker and scout bees) and Food sources. In the view of optimization problem, a food source represents a possible solution. The position of a good food source indicates the solution providing better results to the given optimization problem. The quality of nectar of a food source represents the fitness value of the associated solution. Initially, a randomly distributed food source position of SNsize, the size of employed bees or onlooker bees is generated. Each solution xi is a D-dimensional vector that represents the number of optimized parameters and produced usingthe equation 1: where,xmaxandxminare the upper and lower bound of the parameterxi,respectively and j denotes the dimension. The fitness of food sources to find the global optimal is calculated by the following formula: where, fm(xm)is the objective function value of xm. Then the employed bee phase starts. In this phase, each employed bee xi finds a new food source viin its neighborhood using the equation 3: where, t: Cycle number; : Randomly chosen employed bee and k is not equal to i ; ( ): A series of random variable in the range [-1, 1]. The fitness of new solution produced is compared with that of current solution and memorizes the better one by means of a greedy selection mechanism. Employed bees share their information about food sources with onlooker bees waiting in the hive and onlooker bees probabilistically choose their food sources using fitness based selection technique such as roulette wheel selection shown in equation 4: where, Pi: Probability of selecting the ith employed bee, S: Size of employed bees, ÃŽ ¸i: Position of the ith employed bee and F : Fitness value. Afterthatonlookerbeescarried outrandomly searchintheirneighborhood similar to employed bees and memorize the better one. Employed bees whose solutions can’t be improved through a predetermined number of cycles, called limit, become scouts and their solutions are abandoned. Then, they find a new random food source position using the following equation 5: Where, r: A random number between 0 and 1 and these steps are repeated through a predetermined number of cycles called Maximum Cycle Number (MCN). 3.PROPOSED WORK: VTS-ABC ALGORITHM In every meta-heuristic algorithm mainly two factors need to be balanced for global optimization outcome i.e. Exploration and Exploitation but ABC is a poor balance of these two factors. Various variants of ABC have been modelled for its improvement in different phases by number of researchers like Sharma and Pant have proposed a variant of ABC called RABC for solving the numerical optimization problem [20] and Tsai et al. have presented an interactive ABC optimization algorithm to solve combinational optimization problem [21] in which the concept of universal gravitational force for the movement of onlooker bees is introduced to enhance the exploration ability of the ABC algorithm. D. Kumar and B. Kumar also reviewed various papers on ABC and give a modified RABC algorithm based on topology for optimization of benchmark functions [22] [23]. Intelligence of ABC algorithm mainly depends upon the communication between individual agents. Employed beesshare their information with onlooker bees waiting in the hive and flow of this information from one individual to another depends on the selection mechanism used. Different selection schemes select different individuals to share the information which affect the communication ability of individuals and primarily the outcome of the algorithm. ABC algorithm uses Roulette wheel selection mechanism in which each onlooker bee selects the food source based on certain probability. Each onlooker bee selects the best food source with high selection pressure and lead to premature convergence. To overcome this problem, its new variant is proposed in which Tournament Selection method is applied based on Cycle number and number of employed bees. In Tournament selection, a tournament size (TS) is chosen to select the number of employed bees sharing the information with onlooker bees. For better exploration, TS=2 i.e. Binary Tournament is applied in early stages and for better exploitation, variable tournament size is applied based on the current cycle number (CYL) and size of employed bee in middle stages. As the stages grow, this method works similar to Roulette wheel method in the end. Hence, the selection pressure is less in early stages and more in final stages which provide us better quality of solution. As variable size of tournament is used at different stages of the algorithm, hence the algorithm named VTS-ABC (Variable Tournament Size Artificial Bee Colony) algorithm. Method used for calculating TS is shown in equation 6 and equation 7: If SN >= 20 If SN Where Here, two equations are shown for calculating tournament size of tournament selection method. The purpose of using these two equations is to increase the speed of algorithm. When the size of employed bee i.e. given population of food source positions is small like 10, a solution can be easily found by changing the tournament size by 1 but as the size grows i.e. when best food source position is to be found in large set of population for example when SN=40 or more than 40, increasing size of tournament by 1 and 2 only is a very tedious task as it will take more time to run the algorithm. Hence, in order to increase speed of algorithm, the tournament size based on current cycle and size of population is increased. One more concept is applied to increase its convergence speed. At each iteration or cycle, a new solution is generated randomly similar to scout and its fitness value is calculated. Greedy selection mechanism is applied between new solution and worst one and the better solution is memorized. Hence, it helps in finding good quality of solution as well as improving the convergence speed and provides better balance between exploration and exploitation. 4.experiments and simulation results 4.1 Benchmark Functions The Benchmark Functions used to compare the performance of VTS-ABC algorithm with original ABC algorithm are illustrated below: Sphere Function: Schwefel Function: Griewank Function: Where Ackley Function: Here, ObjVal is the function value calculated for each food source position. A food source is represented by X and population size is taken of n*p matrix where n is the no. of possible food source positions and p represents the dimension of each position. 4.2 Performance Measures Simulation Result The experimental results of VTS-ABC and ABC algorithm in MATLAB are taken under the parameter of size of food source positions (n*p) i.e. different size of population with different dimensions are taken to run and compare both algorithms. MCN is set as 2000 and each algorithm is run for 3 iteration i.e. Runtime=3. Limit for scouts is set equals to 300. In order to provide the quantitative assessment of the performance of an optimization algorithm, Mean of Global Minimum i.e. mean of minimum objective function value at each cycle of all iterations are taken as performance measure whose values are shown in table1and figure 1-4. Table1: Mean of Global minimum on different size of data Fig. 1: Mean of Sphere function values on different size of data Fig. 2: Mean of Schwefel function values on different size of data Fig. 3: Mean of Griewank function values on different size of data Fig. 4: Mean of Ackley function values on different size of data Figure 1 to 4 show simulation results of ABC and VTS-ABC algorithm with different size of data on Sphere, Schwefel, Griewank, Ackley respectively and reveal that VTS-ABC algorithm provides us better quality of solution than original ABC algorithm by minimizing objective function value or producing higher fitness solutions. 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In this paper, a new algorithm VTS-ABC is presented. In this algorithm, firstly variable tournament size (TS) is applied to select the food source position for onlooker bees which helps to achieve diversity in solution. Then to increase convergence speed, a new solution is generated in each cycle which replaced the worst one. In order to demonstrate the performance of proposed algorithm, it is applied on several Benchmark functions with different size of data set as input. Simulation results show that it provides better quality of solution than original ABC algorithm in every case. Therefore, it can be applied in different fields of optimization with large and higher dimensions data set efficiently. References Yugal Kumar and Dharmender Kumar, â€Å"Parametric Analysis of Nature Inspired Optimization Techniques†International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 42-49, Oct. 2011. P. J. Angeline, J. B. Pollack and G.M. Saunders, â€Å"An evolutionary algorithm that constructs recurrent neural networks,† Neural Networks in IEEE Transactions on, vol. 5, no. 1, 1994, pp. 54-65. J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, â€Å"Particle swarm optimization,† in Proceedings of IEEE international conference on neural networks, 1995, vol. 4, pp. 1942–1948. E. Bonabeau, M. Dorgio, and G. Theraulaz, â€Å"Swarm intelligence: from neural network to artificial intelligence,† NY: oxford university press, New York, 1999. D. Karaboga, â€Å"An idea based on honey bee swarm for numerical optimization,† Techn.Rep. TR06, Erciyes Univ. Press, Erciyes, 2005. D. Karaboga and B. Akay, â€Å"A comparative study of artificial bee colony algorithm,† Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 214, no. 1, pp. 108–132, 2009. R. S. Rao, S. V. L. Narasimham, and M. Ramalingaraju, â€Å"Optimization of distribution network configuration for loss reduction using artificial bee colony algorithm,† International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Engineering, vol. 1, no.2, pp. 116–122, 2008. A. Singh, â€Å"An artificial bee colony algorithm for the leaf-constrained minimum spanning tree problem,† Applied Soft Computing, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 625–631, Mar. 2009. D. Karaboga and B. Basturk, â€Å"Artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization algorithm for solving constrained optimization problems,† in Foundations of Fuzzy Logic and Soft Computing, Springer, 2007, pp. 789–798. C. Chidambaram and H. S. Lopes, â€Å"A new approach for template matching in digital images using an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm,† in World Congress on Nature Biologically Inspired Computing, 2009. NaBIC 2009, IEEE, 2009, pp. 146–151. N. K. Kaur Mann, â€Å"Review Paper on Clustering Techniques,† Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 5, 2013. S. Okdem, D. Karaboga, and C. Ozturk, â€Å"An application of Wireless Sensor Network routing based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm,† in 2011 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2011, pp. 326–330. T. K. Sharma, M. Pant, and J. C. Bansal, â€Å"Some modifications to enhance the performance of Artificial Bee Colony,† in 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2012, pp. 1–8. L. Bao and J. Zeng, â€Å"Comparison and analysis of the selection mechanism in the artificial bee colony algorithm,† in Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 2009. HIS’09. Ninth International Conference on, 2009, vol. 1, pp. 411–41. C. M. V. Benà ­tez and H. S. Lopes, â€Å"Parallel Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm Approaches for Protein Structure Prediction Using the 3DHP-SC Model,† in Intelligent Distributed Computing IV, M. Essaaidi, M. Malgeri, and C. Badica, Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 255–264. D. L. Gonzà ¡lez-à lvarez, M. A. Vega-Rodrà ­guez, J. A. Gà ³mez-Pulido, and J. M. Sà ¡nchez-Pà ©rez, â€Å"Finding Motifs in DNA Sequences Applying a Multiobjective Artificial Bee Colony (MOABC) Algorithm,† in Evolutionary Computation, Machine Learning and Data Mining in Bioinformatics, C. Pizzuti, M. D. Ritchie, and M. Giacobini, Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, pp. 89–100. L. Wang, G. Zhou, Y. Xu, S. Wang, and M. Liu, â€Å"An effective artificial bee colony algorithm for the flexible job-shop scheduling problem,† Int J Adv Manuf Technol, vol. 60, no. 1–4, pp. 303–315, Apr. 2012. S.-W. Lin and K.-C. Ying, â€Å"Increasing the total net revenue for single machine order acceptance and scheduling problems using an artificial bee colony algorithm,† J Oper Res Soc, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 293–311, Feb. 2013. D. Karaboga, â€Å"An idea based on honey bee swarm for numerical optimization,† Techn.Rep. TR06, Erciyes Univ. Press, Erciyes, 2005. T. K. Sharma, M. Pant, and J. C. Bansal, â€Å"Some modifications to enhance the performance of Artificial Bee Colony,† in 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2012, pp. 1–8. TSai, Pei-Wei, et al. , Enhanced artificial bee colony optimization.International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control,vol. 5, no. 12, 2009, pp.5081-5092. B. K. Verma and D. Kumar, â€Å"A review on Artificial Bee Colony algorithm,† International Journal of Engineering Technology, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 175–186, 2013. D. Kumar and B. Kumar, â€Å"Optimization of Benchmark Functions Using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm,† IOSR Journal of Engineering, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 09-14, October 2013.

Making Dreams Come True :: Teaching Education Careers Teachers Essays

Making Dreams Come True â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up,† asked the second grade teacher. Little boys and girls raised their hands with enthusiasm and responded with, â€Å"ballerina, football player, princess, race car driver† as the teacher wrote the dreams on the board. One little girl in the middle of the room had different dreams: she said, â€Å"I want to be a teacher when I grow up!† I was that little girl. When I was eight years old, I realized what I wanted to do for the rest of my life. I wanted to teach. In Mrs. White’s second grade class I made a discovery. If my peers were having trouble with their work and Mrs. White was busy, I would help. The joy I experienced from helping others, especially my friends, was amazing. I felt very good about myself while I was helping and even better when the classmate received a good grade. I concluded that teaching was the job for me. I believe that like my peers in second grade, all students want to learn. Some may rebel and act out, they may skip school a lot, but I feel that deep down they want to succeed just like the excellent students. Students want responsibility, work (yes, I said work), encouragement, support, and a mentor. The rebelling students try to deny themselves these values because of low self-esteem. They may believe they cannot succeed and therefore act as though they do not care. My job as a teacher will be to make all students want to learn and broaden their knowledge base. Relative knowledge is the only true knowledge because it is dependent on the person and the environment. Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences show that knowledge is different for different people. There is no set guide for being a knowledgeable person and there should not be. I do agree with essentialists that in mastering the basic core subjects is very important, but that is not all a child needs to learn. The basics are a strong foundation for children to broaden knowledge to fit their interests.

Police and the Use of Excessive Force Essay

The use of excessive force by police organizations around the world as a crime control mechanism has been widely criticized and debated for many years. Many ask, what exactly is excessive force? What causes an officer to use excessive force and is it justified? There is much ambiguity when it comes to answering such questions. Your perception will undoubtedly create your expectation and too many times one’s failure to acknowledge, ‘the other side of the story,’ causes a misperception. How big of a role do the media play in portraying police use of excessive force as fair or unnecessary? These are all valid questions that will be addressed in this analysis as well as what is being done to address the situation. We begin with the definition of excessive force as provided by the International Association of Chiefs of Police, â€Å"excessive force is the amount of effort required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling suspect† (Police use of Force, 2009 ). That is, police will turn to excessive force when an individual has been uncooperative. Some argue that the police’s most defining feature is their capacity to use coercive force (Katz & Walker, 2008). Police use of force may include physical force as well as the power to arrest, but most importantly the power to use deadly force. It is important to keep in mind that there are laws set in place to limit the amount of force an officer uses, including excessive force. Such laws have allowed for better policing practices and an improved police/community relationship. Although police use of excessive force still arises from time to time, the number of incidents has dropped dramatically over the years. According to a study done in the years 1999 and 2000 of calls for service, force was used by police in less than one percent of the calls (Police use of Force, 2009). In actuality, the police spend most of their shift serving their community as peacekeepers as  well as helping others. So what drives a sworn police officer to use excessive force? The answer to this question is not a simple one, and rightfully so. Some argue that discrimination, stereotyping and the environment in which a n officer may patrol can contribute to the use of excessive force. People call the police because they want an officer to settle a problem: to arrest someone, to get someone to calm down, or to have someone removed from the home (Katz & Walker, 2008). In other words, police are constantly put in volatile situations where the people they are dealing with can become a danger to the officer who is responding to a call and there is no telling what someone might do at any given moment. Often times when an officer has been dispatched to a scene, particularly an altercation, tempers are already flaring and what would normally be a situation calling for a simple mediation performed by the officer can easily escalate to the citizen resisting arrest for fear of going to jail, not knowing that the police is just trying to calm down the individual in order to assist with the situation more accurately. Situations like these are all too common and police can feel very much unappreciated and a sense of disrespect on behalf of those they serve. This frustration often times lead to a small number of officers easily losing their temper when confronting citizens in future instances. It must be pointed out that such instances are rare, but still do a rise from time to time. As a retired police lieutenant reflecting on his career put it, ‘The majority of cops were good, hardworking, conscientious individuals. They cared, and they wanted to do a good job. But there were enough cops—not one rotten apple, but several rotten apples—to give law enforcement the taint it had received’ ((Retired), 2000). The media, which include movies, television shows, and news organizations, have a lot of power when it comes to portraying the police as good or evil. Given the considerable ambiguity that surrounds the issue, whether police use of force is presented as police brutality and whether brutality is understood as a problem depend greatly upon which voices and views the media emphasize (Lawrence, 2000). It is the media who determine what the general public learns about street cops’ daily experience with criminals and the underclass, as well as what the middle-class public learns about other groups’ experiences with police (Lawrence, 2000). A perfect example is the famous reality television program, ‘Cops,’ where camera crews  participate in ride-along a ssignments and capture real life drama from the police officer’s viewpoint. News headlines are one of the most, if not the most, influential media forms influencing public opinion and attitude towards law enforcement. As the lawyer for a Miami policeman acquitted in the shooting death of a black motorcyclist—an acquittal that touched off days of rioting—indignantly told reporters, â€Å"If the headlines read, ‘Twice-convicted drug dealer shot while trying to run over officer,’ there wouldn’t have been any riots† (Lawrence, 2000). So the question arises, what is being done to address the situation with police use of excessive force? History has shown that policing systems and strategies can and do change. One way the situation has been dealt with in recent years is with the creation of local citizen oversight groups where complaints by citizens are reviewed to determine whether the action taken by the officer towards the individual filing the complaint was caused by a lack of policy, or a bad policy, on behalf of the police department in which case a recommendation for a new policy is sent to the department. Another way that police departments are dealing with the situation is by mounting video recorders on patrol cars as well as working with the local media and using them as a way of checks and balances. There is also the case for higher education for police officers. The subject matter of higher education as a requirement for police officers is a hot debate topic today. Study has shown that higher educated cops receive fewer complaints than those with less education (Victor E. Kappeler, 1992). Works Cited (Retired), L. A. (2000). From the Inside Looking Out. In J. Nelson, Police Brutality (p. 265). New York: Norton. Katz, C. M., & Walker, S. (2008). The Police In America. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lawrence, R. G. (2000). The Politics of Force. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Police use of Force. (2009, August 04). Retrieved March 19, 2010, from National Institute of Justice web site: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/topics/law-enforcement/use-of-force/welcome.htm#note1 Victor E. Kappeler, D. C. (1992). Police Officer Higher Education, Citizen Complaints, and Departmental Rule Violation. American Journal of Police , 37-54.

Ambrosia Gibboney Essays - Behavior, Psychology, Ethics, Psychopathy

Ambrosia Gibboney Essays - Behavior, Psychology, Ethics, Psychopathy Ambrosia Gibboney Mrs.B English 101 11/18/16 Type of sociopaths When someone hears, or says the word sociopath people automatically assume that they are all the same and that they are all very bad people. That is a common misconception. In fact, a lot of sociopaths are CEO's of big companies because of their aggressive, charismatic, attitude. There are a few characteristics that all sociopaths have in common. They are superficially charming and charismatic people. Sociopaths, depending on how sever their condition is tend to have little to no remorse. This simply means that they have no problem with using people for their own selfish gains. Most sociopaths are very intelligent. They are very skilled liars and don't have a real sense of right or wrong. A physical trait is that they usually tend to have very bright eyes and are able to keep eye contact for long periods of time. Don't assume that every one that stares at you is a sociopath although a couple of them just might be. Now that I told you some of their common characteristics I will b e explains 3 types of sociopaths. There is a common sociopath, disempathetic sociopath and a hostile sociopath. The common sociopath doesn't lean toward one trait this person tends to have a mix of all the traits. They make up the majority of the sociopaths. They usually don't hold a job very well and are frequently traveling from place to place. Common sociopaths aren't very dangerous but they should not be provoked. When making decisions, they don't use their conscious because they don't care how the outcome of their decision effects other people. Not all of the common sociopaths are like this some can hold jobs. The ones that can hold jobs might only have slight sociopathic tendencies and can live normal lives. Disempathic sociopath is the next type of sociopath I will be talking about. These people tend to live normal lives and blend into society very easily. They are capably of having feelings for a very select group of people. Those people are family and very close friends. They are very charming and tend to have multiple partners. It is very rare for them to find someone outside of their close circle that they can truly connect with. The people outside of the circle are seen as objects with little to no value. This type of sociopath can be very dangerous if something someone says or does angers them. They are risk takers and are abnormally calm in scary situations. You could ask them do walk down a dark alley by themselves and they would because they don't get the concept of fear. Lastly this one is the most dangerous sociopaths. The name of the type of this sociopath is called a hostile sociopath. A hostile sociopath can't control their anger very well. They have a hard time holding jobs and usually don't have friends. When angered by someone they will stop at nothing to hurt them. Hostile sociopaths are master manipulators. They also see people as objects and will pretend to like a person just to get what they want out of them. Once they have gotten what they wanted they will toss that person away and move on to the next. This is how most of their relationships with people end up. This type of sociopath should be avoided at all cost; it might just save your life. These sociopaths are very good at blending in with society. The reason why is because they look normal. They are everywhere and they do normal things like me and you. They go to schools, live in homes, buy food, have families. There is a good chance one is your boss. Sociopaths tend to excel in positions of power and are very intelligent. It takes a long time to spot the difference because who's to say what normal really is, but If you look close enough you might be able to spot one.

Candide or Optism, Voltaire essays

Candide or Optism, Voltaire essays War can be one of the most devastating occurrences on earth. It is war that destroys the lives of many people, families, and countries. Whats done to one person can ruin the lives of many others. This is expressed in the book Candide or Optimism. In this book Candide is torn from his love, Cunegonde, and looks for her for the rest of his life. He believed that she was killed in a war. Voltaire expresses many of his thoughts in this book through Candide. He does not believe in war and he outlines some of the effects of it in this book. Wars many sounds can be very frightening and loud. Trumpets, fifes, hautboys, drums, cannons, formed a harmony such as has never been heard even in hell (Voltaire 7). I think that Voltaire is trying to express the sounds of war and how horrifying they are. He makes a connection here between war and hell, which shows he believes war is a horrible thing. I feel he is right; war can be a disaster in many cases and hearing one would be horrible. Voltaire also expresses his feelings through Candide in many instances. Candide, who trembled like a philosopher, hid himself as well as he could during this heroic butchery (7). I think that Voltaire is showing how feels against war. He doesnt want any part of it. He also refers to it as a heroic butchery. I believe that here he wants to give the idea that this war is like a murder, with the armies involved in it just killing for the sake of being heroes. I agree with him here. Many wars were fought just to show how much of a hero a person is able to be. I think that if a battle has to take place, there has got to be a good reason for it. There should never be a battle if it can be avoided in some way. At last, while the two Kings each commanded a Te Deum in his camp, Candide decided to go elsewhere to reason about effects and causes (7). I thin ...

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Knowledge Management - Essay Example The involvement of the company employees in the process was effective especially in top and middle level management who understood the whole process successfully. With the effective communication within the top and middle level managers, it was possible with the plan to be implemented at these levels. The sales volume increased as proof of the effective nature of the Knowledge management. The volume of sales increased by 2% annually because of the implementation of the new process. Increase in sales volume is a result of change in management style. However, the focus of the group has been on the top and middle level management levels, which was considered beneficial and vital. However it creates other problems that must be addressed for the total improvement of the whole process. The inability to reduce staff turnover indicates the challenges in the implementation of the change process. The implementation of the change made is complex for some of the employees. The reduction of the staff turnover can be achieved by simplifying the knowledge process with the main focus of the process being the simplicity of usage. Access of information about the current products is considerably by the enactment of the new technology. The restricted access led to the development of problems in information sharing between the sales agent and the customers leading to failure in communication and creation of awareness. The application of technology did not factor in the low level employees making the implementation process complex in areas involving lower level employees. The most affected in the process is the sales agents because of the nature of their work. Customers require faster information sharing especially in issues of product specifications. The online platform does not allow the sales agent to access information fast thus

Personal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Personal - Essay Example For the next three hours, we tried to fix the ATV, while finding some hospitality nearby. Suddenly, as we were driving the ATV broke down as it the bump. No one knew what events were going to happen next. One of my friends was diabetic so we knew that we did not have much time. My friend tried to fix the ATV with many futile attempts. To make matters worse, couldn’t walk, and instead had to shuffle around from a  seated position. In order to gain some relief from the heat, we decided to spray themselves with their truck’ fire extinguishers. Thankfully, we got relief for a few seconds, then developed extremely painful open wounds across their skin from the blasts. The next day people started dying.  He couldn’t get a phone signal before his battery died, and he fell over when he tried to leave his car. He decided to stick with the vehicle, as it would be easier for rescuers to spot. It didn’t take long for him to become thirsty, so he went for the only available liquid—his car’s windshield fluid. However, knowing that he was d iabetic we knew we had no other choice. His lack of insulin was really a problem because we could not afford to lose him. The ATV exploded as my friends watched in vain.   Suddenly, we saw a bunch of men emerging from a view. We began to throw our hands in frenzy asking for attention. It was a very bad decision for many reasons because the men were pirates, kidnapping and stealing things to make money. They tied us up and took to their own cave and demanded us to call our parents to ask for ransom. With type 2 diabetes, we begged our friend to receive some treatment. However, they abductors were pretty much heartless and did not even give us some food/water. With our hands tied down, we tried to get out but it was not working. Our hope was completely dissolved as we thought our fate was sealed. We tried t signaling with his foil blanket, and lit fires at night with

Crime control and due process models Assignment

Crime control and due process models - Assignment Example As such, they are in a way inadequate by themselves and hence other criminal justice models have to be used in conjunction with these models so as to attain justice in deciding the course of criminal cases. The first of Packer’s models is the crime control model. The crime control model is based on the legislature and it relies on it for criminal sanctions. It seeks to provide protection to citizens and their property as well as conservation of social stability and peace. One of the main assumptions in this model is that investigations and prosecutions by the police could help in controlling crime in the society. It is the responsibility of the police and the prosecutors to seek evidence of criminal acts and establish justice despite the limited resources available to them. Hence guilt is determined by a combination of facts given by witnesses against the suspected party through a series of interrogations. The police are given legal powers to conduct investigations through questioning of arrested persons (Hall, 2012). According to this model, the suspect is determined as guilty or not depending on the facts and evidence admitted to court by the police. In court, this is what holds water as opposed to the trial itself. The prosecutor evaluates the evidence and facts admitted and towards a guilty sentence against the arrested party. A guilty plea by an accused person is deemed highly favorable by the court since it saves on time as well as the limited state resources. However this form of solving court cases could lead to guilty parties getting acquitted or innocent parties being convicted; with the former being a far more grievous error of the legal process. The prosecutors and the police are the law enforcers and authority according to the crime control model. This model classifies its most important function as apprehension and conviction of accused parties through screening, determination of guilt and

Tulsa Race Riot Essay Example for Free

Tulsa Race Riot Essay During the early 1900’s, America has experienced an act of hatred and despair. Envy became the motive to suppress the masses and the death of hundreds of innocent people became the result. But how did all of this occur without any written record except for the painful memories forever instilled in the minds of the victims? Where were the authorities? Where was the so called â€Å"justice† that these people deserved? All of these questions replayed in my mind that night. On February 11, 2011, I attended an enrichment program at the Ray Charles Performing Arts Center at Morehouse College. At this enrichment program, there was a special viewing of the documentary Soundtrack for a Revolution followed up by a questions and answers segment. Before the showing, there was nice musical performance presented by two individuals. The performance itself gave an overview of the Tulsa Race Riot. Shortly afterwards, the film started. Prior to this event, I have the opportunity to do research on this tragedy about a year ago, but never had been as deeply concerned about the incident just by reading about it. The film was well put together and definitely caught my attention. Soundtrack for a Revolution told the story of Tulsa, Oklahoma during the early 1900’s and how it was a haven of flourishing black business. Everyone’s wealth within the black community helped boost each other’s business. It literally was considered the â€Å"Black Wall Street†. The dollar there circulated approximately thirty to one thousand times and sometimes took an entire year before the currency left the community. But, many people did not take a liking to the amount of wealth and success the black people of Tulsa, Oklahoma had. They grew envious and felt the need to suppress and even eliminate this epidemic. On May 31st through June 1st in 1921, they took action and for eighteen hours straight, they attacked. On those two days, hundreds of whites had gathered arms against the unarmed African Americans. So many of them were murdered and those who survived were left with nothing but tears and the painful memories. The movie forwarded to a more recent time and focused on the survivors of that dreadful day. It has been so many years since that event and the survivors have yet seen justice from the state and country whose purpose was to ensure their equality. I’ve watched the film and how they were ignored by court judges and the only reconciliation that those who have managed to live received was nothing but a bronze metal. From what I have been watching, that piece of metal could not have given them proper justice. In the 1950s and 60s, America became a volatile and confused nation as the Civil Rights Movement gained momentum, and black Americans demanded equality, both in the eyes of the legal and social systems. Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. orked tirelessly in the fight against injustice and inequality, and ultimately paid for his dedication with his very life. His main goal was to have peace for both whites and blacks. He wanted everyone no matter what color to get along and live among each other instead of being segregated. His advice, as his speech implies, was not to judge one another by the color of their skin but by the contents of their characters. This injustice that occurred in Tulsa was the exact opposite of Martin Luther King Jr. s vision for the world. This is why he fought so long and hard for. As far as the survivors, I really hope that they will get the justice that they truly deserve. I do not know exactly how they can accomplish this specifically, but I do know that, with persistence and being resilient, they will finally accomplish this long awaited justice. The Tulsa Race Riot was more than just a tragedy against another race, I believe it was another tragedy against mankind.

The Need Of Money To Be An Entrepreneur Business Essay

The Need Of Money To Be An Entrepreneur Business Essay Nobody can reject that money is really important in life , it helps us do whatever we like and a statement is given to discuss that all you need is money to be an entrepreneur. I do not totally agree with this statement because of some reasons and this essay will describe, indicate different elements and prove that money is not all for its success. With evidence of reading and researching I think that being an entrepreneur need more things such as: the passion, ability and experience. The passion it will help you a strong motivation to implement your ambition. Of course, an entrepreneur has to have good ability with many fields; they will run and manage their business right direction which they desire. Business always faces with many risks, suffers from pressures around and a leaders need get over them quickly. Moreover they need have innovative strategies and motivations for products services to compete with other companies. And the other important thing is experience, it will help a leader an overview about problems and troubles which brings many disadvantages for business are to assist you find suitable solutions .When experience has a lots , you can treat and control sudden situations more exactly. Being an entrepreneur need many different elements to support and money is not all. As Harold, G (n.d) said that: In the business world, everyone is paid in two coins: cash and experience. Take the experience first; the cash will come later. We can see that money plays an important role but it doesnt decide everything and entrepreneur should have and combine all elements together, they will get the better effects to maintain and develop their business. All you need is money to be an entrepreneur. The passion which is defined as the energy that can bring you more into what you do.I totally agree that the passion is the first element which helps us strong motivations to get the desire. You can get your personal satisfaction, financial purpose, stable attitude and enjoyment with what you want to put into your business. So if you do not have any passion with jobs, you will be difficult to succeed in running your business. You have to think of yourself as an entrepreneur so you will have a deep responsibility with your choices. You learn how to organize and maintain business through researching related resources and have right directions as real experts. As we know Oprah W (n.d) is one of the most famous entrepreneurs through her media and publishing interests. She is called as queen of media over the world. Her passion quotes was that: Passion is energy. Feel the power that comes from focusing on what excites you or Ignoring your passion is like dying a slow deathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦P assion whispers to you through your feelings, beckoning you toward your highest good. Pay attention to what makes you feel energized, connected, stimulated- what gives you your juice. Do what you love, give it back in the form of service, and you will do more than succeed. You will triumph or Donald T (n.d) is one of millionaires with quote without passion you dont have energy, without energy you have nothing or Nothing is as important as passion. No matter what you want to do with your life, be passionate of Jon Bon Jovi (n.d) is a famous musician, song writer. Through many famous quotes of successful entrepreneurs agree that the passion is really important to help you follow the dreams and ambitions so passion is one elements to contribute and build an entrepreneur. Moreover to be an entrepreneur need ability which is the second element, it is expressed with many aspects such as: skills, knowledge etc. As  Lou H (n.d) said that: ability is what youre capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it or Donald K (n.d) has quote that A man of ability and the desire to accomplish something can do anything. We can see the second element which is really important is ability. Firstly if you have ability, you will know how to run business right direction based on your skills. You have to create the great ideas and evaluate them how to impact to your business. Your business plans must be shown your goals, strategies; action steps and answers some questions such as: who is your customer? How is your business plans implemented? What are my objectives, strategies, action steps to get your goals? Can you think of ways to solve problems? How much money can yours earn? etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦( Tamara, M n.d) so you must be a creative mind if you want to become an entrepreneurs. Always think of costs, manufacture time, output and quality of products or services which bring benefits for yours. You need to take time, calculation, describe detail about your products or services which can satisfy customers. You have to analyze about market, demand and supply in order to you can give innovative strategy to compete with other competitors.   With your ideas investors will be interested in investment their money and bring many opportunities to develop yours. With problems and troubles, you are not able to forecast consequences which can happen to your business so an entrepreneur need know how to face with taking risks and suffering from pressures around. You always have to remember a sentence: Failure is the mother of success to take experiences and find how to get over them. Many businesses had serious problems but they did not know how to maintain theirs and their businesses were closed. So you should build business plans effectively and reduce risks. Being a success entrepreneur you need be brave to face with pros, research more to find the good solutions. Furthermore an entrepreneur is an independent person to make decisions on their own. You do not feel to be afraid of rejection from other colleagues. And a leader need have ability to persuade employees, partners, and customers  in order to support for your business plans whether challenges will happen to you. Besides, an entrepreneur needs identify opportunities for your business with steps such as: spotting, assessing, selecting and executing upon opportunities. You must be able to spot an unmet need which is potential for business. After sporting unmet need, you need analyze them to assess and determine marginal success of finance and human resources. Next step is selecting opportunities which play an important role to gain success and the last step is executing Upon Opportunities which step is combined among creativity, passion, persistence, focus, responsibility, intelligence, planning and energy. An entrepreneur has to know how to take and select opportunities for them to maintain and develop business day by day (anonymous, n.d).Moreover a leader should build a network system for business because nowadays technology plays a major role in the management and unlimited information. It helps business update and deal with any problems more quickly, exactly as well as save time for everyon e in business. Another advantage of technology is sure that it allows you to monitor progresses and helps limited risks (Tamara ,M n.d ). As we know Steve job is one of the fathers of the personal computing era and the founder of Apple. He has quote in 1996 that: These technologies can make life easier, can let us touch people we might not otherwise. You may have a child with a birth defect and be able to get in touch with other parents and support groups, get medical information, the latest experimental drugs. These things can profoundly influence life. Im not downplaying that or Bill ,G (n.d) said that: information technology and business are becoming inextricably interwoven. I dont think anybody can talk meaningfully about one without the talking about the other. Two of famous entrepreneurs emphasize how technology is important in business as well as life nowadays. The third element is experience which is known as the nature of events someone or something has undergone with any jobs will bring for you different skills such as : sales, marketing or managementYou have to face with people , difficult situations which you need to think of giving the best ways to support for your business. However if you do not have much experience in business , the limited information about market, sales, organization, management etc you will be waste of time, give bad solutions. On contrast if you have experience, you will run yours right direction, understand problems and deal with problems more quickly. Of course an entrepreneur really need much experience in order to get to speak to employees and answer all given questions. Doing work with experience you will show your ability, passion, interest, confidence and it will give you a good understanding of your strengths and weakness. As Tom K (n.d) quote that: there are no failures- Just experiences and your reacti ons to them or Donal T (n.d) said that: Experience taught me a few things. One is to listen to your gut, no matter how good something sounds on paper. The second is that youre generally better off sticking with what you know. And the third is that sometimes your best investments are the ones you dont make. Everyone needs experience with each field, it helps us get over difficulty easier and limit risks. Moreover an entrepreneur with much experience will be useful in selecting and recruiting employees in order to provide good human resources for yours through some steps such as: Planning includes: structure, focus, identity, prepare; Implementation includes: contact, motivate, evaluate and the last step is closure which includes : select, offer , candidate joining (anonymous, n.d). With each step your business will recruit many suitable employees for each necessary position in company. Furthermore, if an entrepreneur has much experience, he will build good relationship with partners or customers easier. As Bill, G (n.d) said that: Our success has really been based on partnerships from the very beginning relationship in business is really important for each company and just having experience can assist you to handle good partners. The partners will keep your business going and cooperate together in order to develop, bring benefits and compete with other companies. A  good  business  partnership has clarified responsibilities, expectations and how to cooperate effectively such as: investment, competition and manufacture products or services. Critical use. Entrepreneur is known as a person who runs a company or business. They finance or make decision which belongs to operation of business. All important problems such as: organization, arrangement, open new projects of business need be allowed by an entrepreneur and they need to find solutions when facing with the risks and disadvantages. An entrepreneur has to predict opportunities, make plans and manage the business in order to bring benefits and gain profits for theirs. We can see under framework of the Entrepreneurial Personality which supports more elements to be an entrepreneur. They include: internal locus of control, high need for achievement, moderate risk taking propensity. An entrepreneur must have ability to run business, reduce risks and disadvantages (both Jekyll, I 2005).You often thinks of ideas, innovative strategies and how to implement them to get achievement for company in future. http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/summer82/hild1.gif Figure 1: Framework of the Entrepreneurial Personality (Source: signed: DLA 2005 proceedings, Jekyll Island, Georgia, June 5-8, 2005). And One clear example about a successful entrepreneur is Mark Zuckerberg who set up networking site that has widened over the world: Facebook as well as Ceo and president of the business, he is one the youngest billionaires in the world. Mark Zuckerberg was born in a normal family but he showed his intelligence from an early age and was interested in computer programs. With his passion he arrived in Palo Alto in order to apply in college, established a social-networking site and created Facebook which is used popularly nowadays. From his childhood, he really inspired in computer and by following his desire he got achievement noticeably. His father said that Mark Zuckerbergpassion helped him be a successful entrepreneur so the passion plays an important role to get the desires for anyone. As well as Mark Zuckerberg Oprah Wfrey is well-known as the queen of media over the world however she was born in a poor family stayed with her grandmother in Mississippi. She undergoned so many diff iculties in her childhood but with her passion and ability she established her first talk show which was called people are talking in 1976 as well as worked as anchor and news reporter. With her ability, enthusiasm personality, passion she expanded some programs such as: The Oprah Winfrey etc. Besides with her experience she published two magazines: O, the Oprah magazines, O at home and extended her business as well as a partner of Oxygen Media, a cable channel . In the recent year, Oprah Winfrey is rank as one of famous entrepreneurs over the world and became the first Africa-American billionaire woman. All her achievements get today because her passion, ability and experience which help her have strong motivation to succeed. With these evidences, we can see that being an entrepreneur need include many elements and undergone difficult period get success like the. Conclusion. Based on elements which are reminded above we can see that money is not all to be an entrepreneur. Being an entrepreneur need have many different elements to support for running their business. This essay describes and indicates different elements and shows that just money is not enough to become an entrepreneur. These elements are referred such as: the passion, ability, experiences of an entrepreneur with the purpose proves to be a good entrepreneur need collect many faces. They know how to realize an overview about problems and troubles which brings many disadvantages for business to find suitable solutions . As Oprah Winfrey has quotes that: how do I define success? Let me tell you, moneys pretty nice. But having a lot of money does not automatically make you a successful person. What you want is money and meaning. You want your work to be meaningful, because meaning is what brings the real richness to your life Most of successful entrepreneurs have undergone difficulty and get th eir desire with the passion, ability, experience and meaningful money. And one more time I want to assert that being an entrepreneur needs many different elements to be complex and build a prosperous business in future.

Henry James The Turn of the Screw Essay -- Henry James Turn Screw Ess

Henry James' The Turn of the Screw Peter G. Beidler informs us that there have been â€Å"hundreds† of analyses of Henry James’ spine-tingling novella, The Turn of the Screw (189). Norman Macleod suggests that James himself seems to be â€Å"an author intent on establishing a text that cannot be interpreted in a definite way† (Qtd in Beidler 198). Yet, the vast majority of analyses of The Turn of the Screw seem to revolve around two sub-themes: the reality of the ghosts and the death of Miles both of which are used to answer the question of the governess’s mental stability: is she a hero or a deranged lunatic? As Beidler points out, â€Å"It is an amazingly fine creepy, scary, soul-shuddering ghost story or, alternatively, it is an amazingly fine psychological case study of a neurotic young woman† (189). These two views of the governess seem to dominate the analytical world in terms of readings, typically being one view or the other and seldom being anything else. Unfortunately, most of the myriad readings focus only on the visible events as related by the governess. However, there is much that we are not told but that is pertinent to an accurate reading. Bruce Fleming argues that what we are not told in The Turn of the Screw is as important as what we are told (135). Wolfgang Iser suggests that there are â€Å"gaps† or holes within the sequence of the text. He further suggests that it is the reader’s responsibility to fill-in those gaps (Qtd in Beidler 226). The facts â€Å"not in evidence† are equal in importance to the information laid out before us. What happens â€Å"off-screen† or â€Å"off-stage† is just as important as what happens in front of the audience. Much of what we do not see and are not told impacts what we do see and are told so g... ...Couldn't Say.† Studies in Short Fiction 26.2 (1989): 135-143. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. BYUI Lib. 25 Oct 2005. http://search.epnet.com/. Groome, David, and Nina Grant. "Retrieval-induced forgetting is inversely related to everyday cognitive failures." British Journal of Psychology 96.2 (2005): 313-319. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. BYUI Lib. 26 Oct 2005. http://search.epnet.com/. James, Henry. The Turn of the Screw. Peter G. Beidler. Boston: Bedford, 2004. Matheson, Terence J. "Did the Governess Smother Miles? A Note on James's The Turn of the Screw." Studies in Short Fiction 19.2 (1982): 172-175. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. BYUI Lib. 25 Oct 2005. http://search.epnet.com/. Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis. Educational Psychology: Developing Learners. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson, 2004.

Ak vs M4

M4 Carbine Vs. AK47 Dillon Drews Compare/Contrast 11/1/2012 1 In the battlefield your weapon in your hand is the most important asset the will decide if you are sharing beers with your buddies or dirt with worms. Over the test of time and the history of battles, both the M4 carbine and the AK47 have been scrutinized on which weapon system is the better assault rifle for American troops to use. These dealers of death both have the same result, but in terms of size/weight, ammunition, firepower/ accuracy, reliability and service life.One can argue, that one assault rifle id better than the other. The M4 carbine entered the military in 1997, which was a more compact version of its predecessor the M16a2. The American made assault rifle was introduced in the Vietnam War and had all kinds of problems, but has been tweaked to the ever-changing battlefield. The M4 carbine enables a soldier operating in close quarters to engaging targets at extended ranges with accurate, lethal fire. The AK47 entered the Russian military in 1947. Russia and many other countries adopted the AK47 as their main military service rifle.The Kalashnikov has a cheap cost and the ability to fire under any condition; these are the main reasons for its popularity. The M4 carbine has a strong agile body. The stock is retractable and extendable; this is ideally suited for use in close quarters and by soldiers who operate in small rooms or vehicles with limited storage space. The M4 favors are versatility and modularity. The M4 assault rifle has a rail that allows the operator to mount optics and lighting components. The M4 with a fully loaded magazine of 30 2 rounds carries a small weight at 7. 5lbs. This will allow the soldier to carry more ammo for the assault.The current issue M4 is 33 inches long with the stock extended and 29. 8 with the stock retracted. The AK47 was designed to be cost effective, and manufactured quickly. The AK has variants with collapsible stocks, but mainly has a solid wood en stock. This makes the weapon longer than its American rival at 37 inches. Unlike the M4 carbine, the AK 47 does not have a rail system that allows for optics to be mounted, this limits the additions to the weapon, but helps keep the weight down. The AK47 with a fully loaded 30 round magazine has a heavier weight than the M4 at 10. 5lbs.The length of the AK47 is only slightly longer than the M4 at 34. 3 inches, which makes it a viable automatic weapon for its size. The M4 Carbine caliber is a 5. 56mm round, which has a weight of 3. 6 grams. Being such a small round compared to the larger round of the AK47, it has a reputation for excellent accuracy, a flat trajectory and a high velocity. This allows shooters to take headshots out to 300 meters. The effective range on this round and M4 is 500 yards and has a lethal range of 900 meters. The high velocity cartridge has longer-range accuracy than the AK47.AK47 rifles use a 7. 62mm round. With a larger round than the M4 it comes in hea vier at 7. 9 grams, but this gives it more penetration power when having to shoot through walls, body armor, or objects being used for cover. However the heavier round has an arched trajectory, where as the M4 was flat. With the arched trajectory 3 add to a less effective range at 380 yards. This makes longer-range targets out of range for the shooter of the AK47. Designed to fire fast, accurate and far the M4 have a straight line recoil design. The recoil spring is located directly behind the bolt.This significally allows the shooter to shift points of aim and have faster follow up shots with less recoil, leaving the shooter with less fatigue. The smaller round the M4 uses causes less muzzle rise, a limiting factor when firing during fully automatic. The AK47 uses a larger bullet as previously discussed, the larger bullet leads to more kick back and recoil upon firing the weapon. The AK has only two select firing positions, semi automatic and fully automatic. Without a single round firing mode, the weapon fires multiple rounds at a time, which makes it less accurate.Although the weapon is less accurate, the gun is heavier and has a slower rate of fire. This function helps mitigating the recoil from firing it. The original issue AK47 was not designed with vertical fore grips, some variants have made fore grips to improve characteristics to counter the effects of the recoil. Making a rifle that will be in the hands of the service men that protect your country, the most important factor is reliability. The M4 carbine has gone through trials and tribulations of testing to make it in the hands of our armed forces.On average the M4 fires 5000 rounds between stoppages, if properly cleaned, lubricated, and maintained. If the chamber is dirty with carbon from fired rounds or dirt, the M4 has the tendency to have rounds jam in the chamber. The 4 manufacturing companies of the M4 carbines have added a forward assist button to the weapon to drive the round in the chamber during a malfunction. The service life of the M4 is between 20,000 to 50,000 rounds depending on how the weapon is fired before the barrel needs to be changed. A over fired barrel will cause the bullets to tumble during flight.The upper receiver on the M4 can be changed out without using any tools, which makes the rifle efficient for the user. Russia made the AK47 to be a cheap, cost effective weapon. The parts that were used all to make the weapon were made not to last. Reliability of the AK47 is what the weapon is known for, and is why the weapon is used all over the world. The rifle can function properly in a dirty environment with little maintenance. The weapon can function after being submersed in mud, water or sand. The simple large parts that make the weapon allow this to happen.When dirty this weapon is less accurate. The AK47 barrel lasts between 6,000 to 15,000 rounds, which is much less than the M4. After all the consideration of all the facts based on the characteristic s of the weapon systems, the M4 carbine has more proficiency marks than the AK47. Knowing that America is the greatest nation in the world, and has the strongest military. I am glad to see that an American made weapon in my eyes is an all around better weapon system for our troops to be using, protecting the country, and fighting the evils that threaten my freedom.

Philosophy Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Dialogues Of Plato

Philosophy Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Dialogues Of Plato Philosophy When I was born, I did not know the difference between right and wrong. Now, I do. The word philosophy means the love of knowledge. One type of knowledge is propter quid, which ask the question why or how. In this paper, I will demonstrate how Socrates, Hume and Aristotle, three well known philosophers, would explain how I acquired this knowledge in relation to the principles of right and wrong. Socrates is the first philosopher, I will discuss. Since Socrates did not write anything down, Socrates thinking is told through his student, Plato, who wrote his teachers? thoughts. Socrates is an idealist who believes that things are in born. Therefor he believed that before we are born our soul knows everything, but when we are born our mind is a tabular rasa (blank slate). As we grow day by day, we recollect the knowledge from our soul. ? the soul, that is, the human mind, before it is united with the body, is aquatinted with the intelligible world or the world of Forms. In this prior existence, the true knowledge. After its union with a human body, a person?s mind contains its knowledge deep in its memory. True knowledge in this world consists of remembering, in reminiscence or recollection. What the mind or soul once knew is raised to present awareness by a process of recollection aided by the technique of dialect or the Socratic method. (Stumpf 260) This is known as the theory of recollection. The theory of recollection is told through Plato in the Phaedo and the Meno. In the theory of recollection "Socrates? answer to the paradox is that knowledge is recollection. This thesis allows a man to have ideas of which he later becomes conscious by recollection; thereby overcoming the sharp division between not-knowing and knowing, and justifying inquiry." (Sternfeld, 35) Socrates states in the Meno " A man cannot inquire about what he knows, because he knows it, and in that case he is in no need of inquiry, nor again can he inquire about what he does not know, since he does not know what he is to inquire." (Plato 80E) This theory of recollection may explain why we often say that we had certain knowledge before we leaned it or heard it for the first time. It is often said that we are born with concepts and it is these concepts that structure our minds, beliefs, and actions. "In his dialogue entitled the Meno, Plato illustrates how Socrates is able to show that even a young uneducated slave boy knows some truths of geometry not because somebody taught him that subject but because be naturally knows the relationship of various ideas to each other." (Stumpf 260) This quote illustrates how Socrates thought that the uneducated boy knew geometry. He recollected it from his soul. In the Meno, Socrates states that the boy is "recovering by oneself knowledge within oneself." (Plato 85D) Knowledge in the Meno is perceived as having an acquaintance with the object, but not knowing how it functions. Socrates states here that true knowledge is that is learned. Once learned, we remember that knowledge and apply it when needed. This can be done through recollection or memory. As an occasion arises that requires the use of this knowledge, we can use the abilities of our mind and recollect the knowledge for the circumstance. I interpret Socrates to mean that I was born with a knowledge of right and wrong, but I needed to experience situations where I needed to recall this knowledge. He makes reference to the initial knowledge being in the soul. Hume is the second philosopher I will discuss. Hume?s beliefs are different from Socrates. Hume believes that we were born knowing nothing, and everything is learned. He feels that as we grow, we learn the difference between right and wrong from our experiences. The present comes from the senses and the past is in our memory. Hume shows how knowledge begins form the experiences we encounter through our five senses. It is said of Hume "?it is the use he makes of the principle or the association of ideas, which enters into most of his philosophy. The principle of association

Free Essays on Jefferson

Jefferson was born at Shadwell, his father's home in Albemarle county, Va., on April 13 (April 2, Old Style), 1743. His father, Peter Jefferson, a man of legendary strength, was a successful planter and surveyor who gained minor title to fame as an explorer and mapmaker. His prominence in his own locality is attested by the fact that he served as a burgess and as county lieutenant. Peter's son later held the same offices. Through his mother, Jane Randolph, a member of one of the most famous Virginia families, Thomas was related to many of the most prominent people in the province. Besides being well born, Thomas Jefferson was well educated. In small private schools, notably that of James Maury, he was thoroughly grounded in the classics. He attended the College of William and Marycompleting the course in 1762where Dr. William Small taught him mathematics and introduced him to science. He associated intimately with the liberal-minded Lt. Gov. Francis Fauquier, and read law (1762-1767) with George Wythe, the greatest law teacher of his generation in Virginia. Jefferson became unusually learned in the law. He was admittedto the bar in 1767 and practiced until 1774, when the courts were closed by the American Revolution. He was a successful lawyer, though his professional income was only a supplement. He had inherited a considerable landed estate from his father, and doubled it by a happy marriage on Jan. 1, 1772, to Martha Wayles Skelton. However, his father-in-law's estate imposed a burdensome debt on Jefferson. He began building Monticello before his marriage, but his mansion was not completed in its present form until a generation later. Jefferson's lifelong emphasis on local government grew directly from his own experience. He served as magistrate and as county lieutenant of Albemarle county. Elected to the House of Burgesses when he was 25, he served there from 1769 to 1774, showing himself to be an effective committeeman... Free Essays on Jefferson Free Essays on Jefferson Jefferson was born at Shadwell, his father's home in Albemarle county, Va., on April 13 (April 2, Old Style), 1743. His father, Peter Jefferson, a man of legendary strength, was a successful planter and surveyor who gained minor title to fame as an explorer and mapmaker. His prominence in his own locality is attested by the fact that he served as a burgess and as county lieutenant. Peter's son later held the same offices. Through his mother, Jane Randolph, a member of one of the most famous Virginia families, Thomas was related to many of the most prominent people in the province. Besides being well born, Thomas Jefferson was well educated. In small private schools, notably that of James Maury, he was thoroughly grounded in the classics. He attended the College of William and Marycompleting the course in 1762where Dr. William Small taught him mathematics and introduced him to science. He associated intimately with the liberal-minded Lt. Gov. Francis Fauquier, and read law (1762-1767) with George Wythe, the greatest law teacher of his generation in Virginia. Jefferson became unusually learned in the law. He was admittedto the bar in 1767 and practiced until 1774, when the courts were closed by the American Revolution. He was a successful lawyer, though his professional income was only a supplement. He had inherited a considerable landed estate from his father, and doubled it by a happy marriage on Jan. 1, 1772, to Martha Wayles Skelton. However, his father-in-law's estate imposed a burdensome debt on Jefferson. He began building Monticello before his marriage, but his mansion was not completed in its present form until a generation later. Jefferson's lifelong emphasis on local government grew directly from his own experience. He served as magistrate and as county lieutenant of Albemarle county. Elected to the House of Burgesses when he was 25, he served there from 1769 to 1774, showing himself to be an effective committeeman... Free Essays on Jefferson Jefferson and Slavery The task of drafting the Declaration of Independence fell to Jefferson, who was known for his powerful writing style. Jefferson intended the document "to be an expression of the American mind," but the eloquence of the phrasing was his own. Thomas Jefferson claimed that he used "neither book nor pamphlet" when writing the declaration, but the document reflected a broad understanding of 18th-century political thought. Over time, the Declaration of Independence has profoundly affected American history. Phrases from the document such as "all men are created equal" quickly took on a life of their own or were applied to groups that the authors never anticipated, the ideal conflict being slavery. By Thomas Jefferson owning slaves, it made the Declaration of Independence false and hypocritical. On some level Thomas Jefferson is promoting the very thing he aims to destroy. He wants to rebel against King George the third for taking his very human rights while dehumanizing an entire race in his own household. Had it not been the common practice to have slaves in those days it would probably have destroyed his credibility and also ruined the strength of the document itself. This document, with a few words substituted, could very well be used to rally the black slaves against their owners. Blacks quickly used this language to challenge slavery in the United States. The ideal of equality led Northern states to free slaves within their borders in the 1780s, 1790s and early 1800s. Black and white abolitionists used the ideal that all men were created equal to attack slavery in the South before the Civil War. And civil rights supporters rallied behind Jefferson’s words in their fight against racism in the 1950s and 1960s....